The use of spectral sound meter in the study of the physical properties of oil and gas reservoirs

Filtration of fluids through porous media accompanied by the appearance of noise filtration. The spectrum of the noise depends on the type of the filtering fluid, the reservoir properties and flow regime. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of noise spectra arising from the filtration of gas and liquid samples through artificial and natural core deposits of the Republic of Tatarstan. The interpretation of the recorded spectra is proposed. The data obtained can be used in solving problems to determine the identity and properties of the working intervals reservoirs

Intensification of oil production under vibration impact on the producing formation

Improving the efficiency of oil field development is possible due to the intensification of oil production by a vibrating impact on producing formation. Numerous laboratory and field research confirm this. Intensification of oil production is due to the many phenomena occurring in the productive strata at imposing elastic vibrations. Selecting the desired frequency of formation stimulation in this case is one of the important issues. The essence of the proposed idea is that the frequency of vibrating influence should be chosen close to the natural frequencies of noise filtration of producing formation. This paper investigates the spectra of noise filtration of samples of artificial and natural porous media. We present some results of the impact of elastic vibrations on the producing formation. It is shown that a greater effect in the oil production achieved at frequencies close to the frequency of noise filtration

Spectral characteristics of acoustic emission in porous media

Acoustic emission occurs when solid media are subjected to mechanical load and deformation. The porous medium also experiences strain when creating a pressure gradient fluid. The experimentally found that the generation of noise filtration is different from the nature of the acoustic emission caused by purely mechanical loading. The amplitude of the noise filtering is dependent on the flow rate, and the frequency determined by the properties of the porous medium (porosity, permeability, fractional composition, etc.), that is independent of the fluid flow regime. Analysis of the spectra of noise filtration for all the studied artificial samples showed a pattern of increasing the frequency of the major peaks in the spectrum with increasing permeability of the porous medium. The results obtained and identified patterns can be used in solving the problems of identification of Applied Geophysics, and the implementation of wave methods of enhanced oil recovery

Sulfonated octa-substituted Co(II) phthalocyanines immobilized on silica matrix as catalyst for Thiuram E synthesis

© 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Silica nanoparticles were obtained during the work according to two different sol–gel methods. In first one Schtrober's technique and series of cobalt phthalocyanine metal complexes varying in peripheral substituents were used. Second method was performed using the same complexes but differed in applying surface-active substance (SAS) and two precursors – tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMOS). All obtained hybrid materials were analyzed via SEM, the size of single particle was studied, which in all cases was about 200 nm. In order to investigate hybrid's characteristics laser diffraction and liquid nitrogen adsorption methods were applied. Distinction in pore's specific volume of differently-obtained nanoparticles was found. Catalytic activity of all obtained materials were tested in conversion of N,N-diethylcarbamodithiolate to thiuram E. Effect of peripherally substituted phthalocyanines and morphology of matrixes were manifested on catalytic activity of the hybrids

DDAO Controlled Synthesis of Organo-Modified Silica Nanoparticles with Encapsulated Fluorescent Boron Dipyrrins and Study of Their Uptake by Cancerous Cells

The design of cargo carriers with high biocompatibility, unique morphological characteristics, and capability of strong bonding of fluorescent dye is highly important for the development of a platform for smart imaging and diagnostics. In this paper, BODIPY-doped silica nanoparticles were prepared through a "one-pot" soft-template method using a sol-gel process. Several sol-gel precursors have been used in sol-gel synthesis in the presence of soft-template to obtain the silica-based materials with the most appropriate morphological features for the immobilization of BODIPY molecules. Obtained silica particles have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and can be effectively internalized into the cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). The described method of synthesis allows us to obtain silica-based carriers with an immobilized fluorescent dye that provide the possibility for real-time imaging and detection of these carriers

Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation

Results are presented from a search for a fourth generation of quarks produced singly or in pairs in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. A novel strategy has been developed for a combined search for quarks of the up and down type in decay channels with at least one isolated muon or electron. Limits on the mass of the fourth-generation quarks and the relevant Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are derived in the context of a simple extension of the standard model with a sequential fourth generation of fermions. The existence of mass-degenerate fourth-generation quarks with masses below 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for minimal off-diagonal mixing between the third- and the fourth-generation quarks. With a mass difference of 25 GeV between the quark masses, the obtained limit on the masses of the fourth-generation quarks shifts by about +/- 20 GeV. These results significantly reduce the allowed parameter space for a fourth generation of fermions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO